Cancer presents a significant challenge for anyone diagnosed, but its impact can be particularly severe when it involves children.
Although childhood cancers are less common than those in adults, they are still a leading cause of disease-related fatalities among the young population.
This article delves into the most prevalent types of cancers affecting children, preventive strategies families can adopt, and the treatment options that provide hope for recovery.
Let us examine these common childhood cancers.
1. Leukemia
Leukemia, which affects the blood and bone marrow, is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in children. The main subtypes are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Symptoms may include fatigue, pallor, fever, easy bruising, and recurrent infections.
2. Brain and spinal cord tumors
These tumors rank as the second most common form of cancer in children. They can occur in various regions of the brain or spinal cord, with symptoms that may include persistent headaches, nausea, balance difficulties, and seizures.
3. Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma generally originates in the adrenal glands or along the spine and predominantly affects children under the age of five. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, abdominal lumps, and alterations in bowel or bladder habits.
4. Wilms Tumor
Wilms tumor is a type of kidney cancer that primarily targets children younger than six. It often manifests as a painless abdominal mass, although some children may experience pain, fever, or blood in their urine.
5. Lymphomas
Lymphomas, which originate in the immune system, encompass Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.
Is childhood cancer preventable?
While the precise causes of most childhood cancers are still largely unknown, certain measures can help mitigate risk factors and enhance overall health:
Minimize exposure to environmental toxins: Reducing contact with harmful substances, such as pesticides and tobacco smoke, can lower risks.
Additionally, maintaining a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can bolster a healthy immune system.
Regular exercise also promotes overall health and lowers the risk of obesity, which can lead to some types of cancer.
For families with a cancer history, genetic counseling can evaluate risks and help with early detection methods.
Treatment options for childhood cancers
Recent medical advancements have improved outcomes for many children diagnosed with cancer. Treatment plans are customized based on the cancer type, stage, and the child’s health.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves strong medications that kill cancer cells or prevent their growth. It is commonly used for leukemia and other cancers affecting various body parts.
Surgery
Surgery focuses on removing the tumor and nearby tissue. This is often the main treatment for solid tumors like Wilms tumor or neuroblastoma.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target cancer cells. It is frequently used for brain tumors or alongside other treatments.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy boosts the immune system to fight cancer more effectively. This cutting-edge treatment is becoming more popular in treating pediatric cancers.
Stem cell transplants
Stem cell transplants replace damaged bone marrow with healthy cells. This approach is especially beneficial for certain leukemias and lymphomas.
