Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It’s primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection.
Cervical Cancer Awareness Month is observed in January to raise awareness about cervical cancer and promote prevention and early detection.
Here are 10 important things you need to know about this chronic disease:
Caused by HPV: The primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection.
High-Risk Strains: Out of over 200 strains of HPV, about 14 are considered high-risk for cervical cancer, with types 16 and 18 causing nearly 70% of cases worldwide.
Preventable: Cervical cancer is highly preventable through vaccination against HPV. The HPV vaccine is recommended for preteens and young adults.
Screening is Key: Regular screening through Pap smears and HPV testing can detect pre-cancerous changes early, allowing for timely intervention.
Symptoms: Early-stage cervical cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may include unusual vaginal bleeding, abnormal discharge, pain during sex, and persistent pelvic discomfort.
Global Impact: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally. In 2022, an estimated 660,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and about 350,000 women died from the disease.
Disproportionate Burden: The highest incidence of cervical cancer deaths occurs in low and middle-income countries where access to screening and treatment is limited.
Risk Factors: Factors that increase the risk of developing cervical cancer include early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, weakened immune systems, and smoking.
Treatment Options: Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.
Survivorship: Many women with early-stage cervical cancer can be successfully treated and go on to live healthy lives.
Raising awareness and promoting preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. If you have any more questions or need further information, feel free to ask!
